The cerebellum is a neuroanatomical structure situated at the back of the brain – but hasn’t it also been in the back of our minds for too long? For many years, the cerebellum was considered a structure governing mainly gait and balance functions, even though the esteemed Gordon Holmes – as early as 1917 – already described “dysarthric” symptoms in patients with cerebellar lesions. Major neglect continued in the following decades, during which the structure was rarely seen as the principal “scapegoat” associated with speech and language (dys-)regulation – even though it only seems logical that an entity so vital for the coordination of voluntary muscle movement would, of course, be involved in speech acts. In 2009, Stoodley & Schmahmann published a study titled “Functional topography in the human cerebellum: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies” (NeuroImage, cited over 2,300 times),which proved to be a real game changer. The functional, motor, cognitive, aUective, and even linguistic (Stoodley & Schmahmann, 2016) mapping of the cerebellum is now widely accepted. In this presentation, I aim to provide some background on the neuroanatomy of the cerebellum, its functional topography, and an overview of how speech and language impairments can be directly and more indirectly related to cerebellar or cerebrocerebellar pathway damage.