Neuromodulation is increasingly being studied as a means to alter brain functioning. In this lecture, I am to provide information on a protocol that our lab used to alter cerebellar output in mono- and bilingual patients with post-stroke aphasia as well as PPA. Transcranial direct current stimulation is a, relatively aUordable, portable neurostimulation *tool, can be provide oUline (no concurrent therapy or exercise)and online (concurrent therapy or exercise) stimulation under the form cathodal (believed inhibitory) or anodal (believed excitatory) stimulation. Sham (with no sound or sensation diUerence compared to true stimulation) can be provided under a double-blind condition, allowing for good comparability in an experimental set-up. allowing for good comparability in an experimental set-up. We found promising results in our groups with, importantly, transfer effects from an
L1 to and L2 which are very much worth exploring.